The protection measures and tools for safeguarding information and information systems is a definition of:

The correct answer, data security, refers to the comprehensive set of measures and tools designed to protect information and information systems from unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, and destruction. This includes both physical security measures, like facility access controls and surveillance, as well as technological tools such as encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. Data security practices ensure the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of data, which is crucial for maintaining trust and compliance with various regulations.

Other terms might address specific aspects of handling information. For instance, confidentiality focuses primarily on restricting access to sensitive information. Informational privacy deals with a person's control over their personal information, often emphasizing the rights individuals have concerning their data. Informational access control pertains to the rules and policies that govern who can access information within a system, but it does not encompass the broader spectrum of tools and measures involved in overall data security.